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Magnifying with a bi-convex lens
A ray diagram including object, image and lens on which you can move the lens to adjust the magnification. Clear description of the ray diagram. I love watching an inverted giraffe grow before my ...
Fresnel Lens
Faced with the need to construct a large lens for a lighthouse of appropriate focal length, but unable to support the large weight of a double convex lens of that size, French physicist Augustin ...
Real Image Formation
If a luminous object is placed at a distance greater than the focal length away from a convex lens, then it will form an inverted real image on the opposite side of the lens. The image position may ...
Focal Length
For a thin double convex lens, all parallel rays will be focused to a point referred to as the principal focal point. The distance from the lens to that point is the principal focal length f of the ...
Converging lens
Animation enables the object position, in front of a converging lens, to be altered. Exercise to find the focal length, no check on answer.
Gravitational Lens
Since light is bent by a gravity field according to general relativity, there is a possibility of focusing effects like that of a lens when there is a large collection of mass near the path of the ...
Simple magnification
A ray diagram (with explanation) showing an object, it's virtual image, a lens and a retina on which the position of the lens can be altered and the effect seen. The diagram is clear in this vertical ...
Thin Lens Equation
A common Gaussian form of the lens equation is shown on this page. This is the form used in most introductory textbooks.
Gullstrand's Equation
Thick lenses can be handled with thin lens type equations if the distances are measured from hypothetical principal planes. The power of a lens with respect to the second principal plane is given by ...
Focal length of diverging lens
Animation enables the object position, in front of a diverging lens, to be altered. Exercise to calculate focal length, no check on answer.

